Are EU house prices outpacing income?

In 2025, the EU house price-to-income ratio was 6.8% higher than in 2015, meaning that house prices rose relative to household income over the decade. Behind this increase at EU level, national developments varied considerably, with the ratio rising in 17 EU countries and falling in the other 10. Between 2015 and 2025, Portugal recorded the largest increase in the house price-to-income ratio (+60.8%), followed by the Netherlands (+34.3%), Hungary (+26.5%), Czechia (+25.8%) and Spain (+24.5%).